I haven't seen coil pumps in a while but recently ran across them on a job. I have the opportunity to remove them and "correct" the piping if needed.

Can someone explain to me how a Direct Acting Counterbalance Valve (Parker BC6PFV) works? Does it need pressure on both sides in order to open?

1. Table 3-B gives valve body minimum wall thicknesses based on inside diameter. I believe these values are based on a 30k min yield material. Is this true?

Can someone tell me why most piping diamgrams show drilled holes in bolted flanges straddling the vertical centerline, so as to not have a hole at top dead center?

On a single seat 1400 lb. offroad race car what do you think would be a good brake pedal force to lock up the wheels. Its a two master cylindar system with no power assist.

Is there an industry standard or performance expectation for 2 wire 4-20mA output devices (actuators, positioners) for signal levels below 4mA? For example, many field transmitters incorporate special signal indications outside the 4-20mA interval for alarm levels or diagnostic indications.

I have a question regarding the interchangeability of a pressure control loop setup (pressure element, transmitter, PLC, globe valve) versus a self-contained pressure reducer/regulator.